Aviation during the Spanish Civil War

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Cacophonix
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Aviation during the Spanish Civil War

#1 Post by Cacophonix » Tue Jan 09, 2018 8:33 pm

Have been reading about the exploits of Frank Glasgow Tinker, the top scoring American Ace of the Spanish Civil War, who was also the first man credited with shooting down a Messerschmitt BF109. He flew for Republican cause. He was interesting character, being a rebel, a drinker, a fighter and a man of strong anti fascist persuasion, although not a communist by any stretch of the imagination...

[bbvideo=560,315]https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g_6jZ0YbMz4[/bbvideo]

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His book 'Five Down No Glory is a great read about this amazing man's short, courageous and ultimately tragic life.

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It has been suggested that Tinker’s life and career are the stuff of legend, a gold mine of material riveting enough to make a Hollywood producer salivate with wild anticipation. Following his bucolic youth in Louisiana and DeWitt, Arkansas, Frank won an appointment to Annapolis (class of 1933). An average student due largely to attitude rather than aptitude, he nevertheless graduated without a commission, a by-product of the economic times. As a result, Tinker gravitated to the Army Air Corp where he earned a second lieutenant’s commission. Soon thereafter Frank returned to his beloved Navy where he finally took his commission as an ensign.

“Salty” Tinker, a nickname carryover from Academy days, piloted scout floatplanes for a time, but following repeated brawls and other code infractions, he resigned his commission. The Arkansan quickly found himself aboard a Standard Oil tanker plying the coastal waters of the United States. Bored and frustrated, 3rd Mate Tinker endured his lot until Spain’s newly declared civil war offered him a rare opportunity.
In Mexico City, Frank signed a contract with the Spanish Embassy to fly for the embattled Republic. He was to receive $1,500 per month with a bonus of $1,000 for every fascist plane shot down, a sum most of which was sent home to his mother on a regular basis.

Tinker arrived in Spain in the first week of January 1937. At first the Republican Air Ministry assigned him to a Breguet XIX bomber outfit. Realizing his potential, however, the Ministry officials quickly transferred him to a newly-formed fighter squadron under the command of Captain Andreas Garcia LaCalle, one of the Republic’s top aces, with eleven victories to his credit.

During Tinker’s seven months in Spain he served in the battles of Jarama and Guadalajara, as well as numerous aerial engagements over the Madrid front. His final eighth victory took place near Brunete on July 18 when he flamed an Italian CR32 pursuit while serving in a Russian squadron, having already downed two of the Nazi Condor Legion’s highly vaunted Messerschmitt BF109 fighters.


http://www.albavolunteer.org/2012/07/re ... n-the-scw/

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Re: Aviation during the Spanish Civil War

#2 Post by OFSO » Wed Jan 10, 2018 2:27 pm

Thanks for that post, Caco. Very little written info in Spain on that period: 'they' do not want to discuss it.

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Re: Aviation during the Spanish Civil War

#3 Post by Cacophonix » Wed Jan 10, 2018 8:16 pm

OFSO wrote:Thanks for that post, Caco. Very little written info in Spain on that period: 'they' do not want to discuss it.


I am fascinated by this period in Spanish history OFSO and am glad somebody here finds these posts to be of interest. The fact that the war drew combatants from many nations into opposing camps, often finding themselves pitted against their fellow countrymen, in Spain has always been a conundrum for me and must have created many moral dilemmas for those involved, not least because of the internecine savagery, against ordinary civilians in many cases, by both opposing sides and the extrajudicial nature of the participation of pilots (and soldiers etc.) in the conflict.

I certainly do favour the Republican cause but am conflicted because many of the people who flew or fought for the Nationalist side did so because they were morally convicted to do so and who were also clearly decent people as well. Of course many foreign scoundrels were also drawn to take up arms on or other side, driven by the lure of Mammon and sundry other nefarious motivations.

In order to balance the books, as it were, I would like to draw ops-normalisers attention to an English pilot who flew for the Nationalists. His name was Rupert Bellville and he crops up in Tom Moulson's book "The Millionaires' Squadron" which I read to trace some of the history of South African Roger Bushell, he being of the Great Escape fame, having being among those escapees who were so cruelly murdered by the Nazis.

Roger Bushell

The Millionaires' Squadron

601 Squadron

Bellville was a bit of a toff having been born, to a very wealthy family, in Market Harborough, Leicestershire in 1904. A product of schools such as Eton he was packed off in his early twenties by his family to live with friends in Spain where he became very friendly with a wealthy circle of Spanish dons in the sherry business. He also developed a love of bull fighting!

A member of White's Club of St James he was recruited by Lord Edward Grosvenor for his No 601 (County of London) Squadron Auxiliary Air Force. Bellville gained his commission in 1926 and learned to fly at Northolt.

It appears he was a very good pilot and was a notable personality, if somewhat of a rake and a drunkard as well as believing that normal rules didn't apply to him ( vide. the article noted below, his bloody mindedness draws me to the favour the man in this instance although I abhor cigarette smoking just as much as I do bull fighting).

The Cigarette Club

After he had resigned his commission he went on to fly as the personal pilot to the Honourable Mrs Edwin Montague, flying her all over Europe Syria, Iraq, Palestine, Iraq, India, Siam and China.

He was drawn to join the Nationalist side in Spain while attending the funeral of Calvo Sotelo, the monarchist politician, whose murder had been one of the precipitators of the commencement of the Spanish Civil War.

Thereafter he was drawn into the war, becoming embroiled in many scrapes, while also finding time to idle his life and fritter money away in drinking, womanising in places like Biarritz, in between escapades in Spain, that would have done justice to a Biggles novel!

Rupert Bellville was one of the few who fought in Spain for Franco. The heir to Papillon Hall, a Leicestershire country house redesigned by Edward Lutyens but already crumbling, the argumentative pilot joined the Spanish Falange militia in the early days of the war thanks to contacts in the Andalusian sherry industry. He was best known for arriving in Santander by aeroplane to congratulate the victorious Nationalist troops only to find it was still in the hands of the Republicans. He narrowly escaped a firing squad. Oxford graduate Peter Kemp contributed more to Franco's cause, first in the Carlist Requetes and later in the Foreign Legion. Those two and others can be found in my 'Franco's International Brigades: Adventurers, Fascists, and Christian Crusaders in the Spanish Civil War' (2013).


http://www.brightreview.co.uk/ARTICLE-Black-Sheep.html

Fighting For Franco: International Volunteers in Nationalist Spain During ...

Count Theodore Zichy

He flew with Count Zichy during the Spanish Civil War and thereafter joined the Air Transport Auxiliary during the Second World War at one stage delivering the appalling Fairey Batttle aircraft to Chateau D'Un in France in November 1940 as the Germans moved in. He and his fellow transport pilots only managing to escape to escape in Hurricanes that had been listed as unserviceable.

Like many of his generation Bellville found post war British austerity not to be to his taste and he left Britain to live a sybaritic lifestyle in Paris, Spain and then New York, where he was a great friend of Ernest Hemmingway, who he had first met during the Spanish Civil War in 1937. He last years of life (he died in 1962) were lived as a roué, chasing wine women and song and gambling! :)

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He was the father of Hercules Bellville the well known film producer...

Hercules Bellville

More of a greater contrast to Frank Glasgow Tinker is hard to find.

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Re: Aviation during the Spanish Civil War

#4 Post by Pontius Navigator » Wed Jan 10, 2018 9:14 pm

Back in CompuServe days I corresponded with a Spanish Air Force Colonel as in was curious how the Luftwaffe actually got to Spain. The aircraft were crated and shipped in. Logistics is often the key to history as it it was to the Dardanelles 20 years earlier.

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Re: Aviation during the Spanish Civil War

#5 Post by Cacophonix » Thu Jan 11, 2018 12:05 pm

Cacophonix wrote:
OFSO wrote:Thanks for that post, Caco. Very little written info in Spain on that period: 'they' do not want to discuss it.


Like many of his generation Bellville found post war British austerity not to be to his taste and he left Britain to live a sybaritic lifestyle in Paris, Spain and then New York, where he was a great friend of Ernest Hemmingway, who he had first met during the Spanish Civil War in 1937. He last years of life (he died in 1962) were lived as a roué, chasing wine women and song and gambling! :)

Caco


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Description: Ernest Hemingway during luncheon with friends at La Consula, the Davis estate near Malaga, Spain. L-R: Nathan "Bill" Davis, Rupert Bellville, Ernest Hemingway, Mary Hemingway, Juan Quintana.


I found this rather wonderful photograph of Hemmingway having lunch with Bellville (et al) in the John F Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum. It is interesting to note that Hemmingway also thought highly of Frank Tinker's "Some Still Live" which is, sadly, out of print at the moment and is a rare collector's item.

The book Some Still Live by Frank Glasgow Tinker Jr, was published by Funk & Wagnalls Co in New York, 1938. Some rare copies of this book may still be found. It was decorated with original photos shot in Spain by the famous photographer-reporter Robert Capa, notably one where people of Madrid watch smiling as the Republican fighters chase away the Francoist bombers.

It also contained a map of Spain where the locations of the landing grounds of Campo Soto and Campo X, used by the Andres Garcia La Calle squadron Tinker flew with, appeared for the first time to the public. It remains unique on the description of a number of other figures of the Lacalle squadron team for whom no other recorded evidence was left.

The book has today an historical value and was used as a main reference for studies on the adventure of the Americans who flew with the Spanish Republican Air Force during the civil war. A book presently available on this topic is Airmen Without Portfolio by J.C. Edwards, devoted to the memory of FG Tinker. It refers to entire paragraphs from Some Still Live, including pictures of Tinker and his handwritten flight logbook. Tinker has claimed a total of eleven victories but was credited officially with only eight - it was very difficult to credit victories at that time especially for planes shot down in enemy territory and for planes shot down by mercenaries, because mercenaries were often paid bonuses for kills.

Tinker socialized in Spain with Ernest Hemingway, Robert Hale Merriman the leader of the American Volunteers of the Lincoln Brigade and his successor Milton Wolff, who led the 15th International Brigade during the Battle of the Ebro. Hemingway's influence on the style is rather evident: the language is simple but full of human emotion while the war scenes are live and the text creates colorful pictures to the reader.

Some Still Live

Tinker wrote in the same very sparse way that Hemmingway did, and so no doubt Hemmingway was complimented by this fact and certainly didn't hold Tinker's Spanish Civil War Republican allegiance against him. Tinker's reputation as an 'ace', and a man of action probably stood him in good stead of being a Nationalist with Hemmingway as well!

Caco

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