SpaceX pushes launch of daring Polaris Dawn mission back to Wednesday. Meet the 4-person crew spearheading it
https://www.cnn.com/2024/08/26/science/ ... index.html
CNN
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SpaceX’s latest attempt to push the cosmic boundaries is set to kick off this week with a mission called Polaris Dawn: a nail-biting, five-day trek to orbit with a crew of private astronauts traveling into Earth’s radiation belts and hoping to conduct the first commercial spacewalk.
The mission is slated to take off from NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida between 3:38 and 7:09 a.m. ET Wednesday — a 24-hour delay from the company’s previous launch target — carrying four civilians on the daring excursion.
SpaceX said in a social media post Monday evening that it pushed the launch time back in order to take “a closer look at a ground-side helium leak” on a piece a equipment designed to detach from the rocket during takeoff.
It will mark the second trip to space for Jared Isaacman, the billionaire founder of payments platform company Shift4. He made a less risky journey in 2021 on a mission dubbed Inspiration4.
Polaris Dawn is one in a series of missions that Isaacman plans to carry out alongside SpaceX — three flights aiming to test new technologies that can help advance the Elon Musk-led company’s goal of seeing humans live and work on other planets.
Joining Isaacman on Polaris Dawn will be two SpaceX engineers, Sarah Gillis and Anna Menon, the first from the company to join a mission to orbit. Scott “Kidd” Poteet, a former United States Air Force pilot and longtime friend of Isaacman’s, rounds out the crew.
Members of the crew come to the mission with extensive experience piloting jet aircraft — a common career before becoming a professional astronaut — or have worked with and trained NASA astronauts, as is the case for Menon and Gillis.
Risky business
After takeoff Wednesday, the four-person team is expected to travel into an oval-shaped orbit that extends as far as 870 miles (1,400 kilometers) from Earth — high enough to plunge the vehicle and crew into the Van Allen radiation belts. No human has traveled so far into space or passed through the radiation environment since NASA’s Apollo program.
The Polaris Dawn mission will also aim to reach the highest orbit around Earth for a crewed mission — with eyes on surpassing the 1966 record set by NASA’s Gemini 11 by 20 miles (32 kilometers). The latter reached 853 miles (1,373 kilometers) nearly 60 years ago.
Menon and Gillis would also become the first women to make such a journey.
Almost immediately after launch, the crew will begin preparing for a high-risk spacewalk, making use of Extravehicular Activity, or EVA, suits that SpaceX developed in just 2 ½ years. If successful, the spacewalk, which could take place early Friday, would mark the first time that civilians (or nongovernment astronauts) have carried out such an endeavor.
The quartet is then set to focus on roughly 40 science experiments before the SpaceX Crew Dragon capsule steers itself back toward Earth. As with any mission to space, reentry is expected to be dangerous — with pressure and friction heating the spacecraft’s exterior to more than 3,000 degrees Fahrenheit (1,649 degrees Celsius) — before the spacecraft free-falls toward the ocean and deploys parachutes to slow its descent.
The mission is expected to last about five days. Here’s a closer look at its four crew members.
Jared Isaacman: ‘Ambitious objectives’
As one of the instigators of the Polaris Dawn mission, Isaacman had a hand in selecting the crewmates that would travel alongside him. And this team is distinct from the one that accompanied Isaacman on the Inspiration4 mission nearly three years ago.
That mission brought along people from all walks of life, including a cancer survivor, an artist, and the beneficiary of a raffle. Inspiration4 — the first commercial spaceflight mission for SpaceX — sought to prove that humans from various backgrounds could train for and execute a flight in orbit. The four-member crew spent three days in space, lapping planet Earth.
But due to the experimental nature and risks associated with Polaris Dawn, Isaacman said this mission required a different approach.
“I think you build a crew for your mission objectives. The objective for Inspiration4 was to inspire people to do things differently than how it had been historically done at NASA. For what was largely like a random process, everybody so exceeded my expectations,” Isaacman told CNN.
“But Polaris is a test and developmental program — and that appeals to my aviation background and things we’ve done in the past,” he added. “It’s set out (to) have ambitious objectives. So, you assemble the best crew you could for it.”
Isaacman already knew Menon from the Inspiration4 mission: She was a technical adviser to the family members of that crew, explaining the complexities of spaceflight to loved ones on the ground.
Months after Inspiration4 came back to Earth, she learned that Isaacman was planning his return.
“I found out about it through a meeting that was put on my calendar. … I suddenly start to feel like this is not the average meeting (and) very quickly, Jared asked if I would like to go on his next mission,” Menon said. “I was just completely surprised. Absolutely never would have seen this coming in my entire life.”
But Menon said she has longed to travel to space, which captured her imagination during a trip to Johnson Space Center in Houston as a fourth grader.
“I got to experience a day in the life of an astronaut and a mission control and flight controller,” she told CNN. “And from that time on, I did dream of having that opportunity.”
Menon’s passion led to a master’s degree in biomedical engineering from Duke University and a seven-year stint at NASA, working as a biomedical flight controller for the International Space Station.
After switching to a role at SpaceX, she served in mission control during some of the company’s highest-profile missions, including 2020’s Demo-2 — the inaugural crewed flight of SpaceX’s Dragon capsule that returned astronaut launches to US soil for the first time in a decade.
Still, Menon told CNN, she did not anticipate traveling to space.
“I think I very much recognized the odds were extremely low,” she said. “And I probably, if I’m honest with myself, had written it off.”
But spaceflight now appears to run in the family. Just days before Menon learned she would join the Polaris Dawn crew, her husband — Anil Menon, who also worked with the Inspiration4 crew as a SpaceX employee — was selected as a NASA astronaut. (He has not been assigned to his first mission.)
“It was an absolute whirlwind of a week in our household,” Anna Menon said. “I called him up right after I got out of the meeting with Jared, and I just remember his reaction being extreme shock and such excitement — over the moon excited.”
Their two children, now 4 and 6 years old, have watched as their parents trained to take on risky challenges. Menon said her eldest is just beginning to grasp the gravity of the situation.
Menon also coauthored a book for them, called “Kisses From Space,” that she plans to read aloud during the mission as part of a fundraiser for St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital.
Menon will be a mission specialist during the Polaris Dawn flight, helping to carry out science experiments during the trip, and she’ll be the mission’s medical officer.
If space adaptation syndrome — a type of severe motion sickness that can strike astronauts — hits the crew, it will be up to Menon to administer medication that can alleviate those symptoms.
Dealing with — and searching for answers to — the daunting biological challenges that humans face while floating in a spacecraft is another cornerstone goal of the Polaris Dawn mission.
Some of this mission’s science experiments are geared toward a better understanding of space adaptation syndrome and predicting whom it will affect.
As a lead operations engineer at SpaceX, Gillis has taken the reins on training astronauts for crucial missions. Among her trainees were the first astronauts to fly in a Crew Dragon capsule — NASA’s Bob Behnken and Doug Hurley — before the historic Demo-2 mission in 2020.
Gillis also trained the Inspiration4 crew for its 2021 mission, and she saw firsthand how spaceflight can take a toll.
Isaacman has said two of the crew members on Inspiration4 experienced space adaptation syndrome (about 1 in 2 people do), and there were issues with the Crew Dragon toilet that threatened the team’s comfort during its 3-day trip.
“Human spaceflight is not going to be glamorous all the time. Humans aren’t meant to live and work without gravity.”
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